HOPE, Barack Obama Poster | An Analysis

HOPE, Barack Obama Poster | An Analysis Introduction In my term paper HOPE the poster for Obama. I will analyze the Poster itself, this means to give an overview of what we can see and how we can interpret it as an art image and try to answer the questions why it went viral so fast and whether it had a huge impact on the outcome of the election campaign 2008. Since the poster by Shepard Fairey is a special kind of art, which can be describeb as Appropriation Art, I will also point out his message, as well as explain the meaning. After that, I will start with the actual analysis, beginning with the idea and initiative and then showing the political goals and strategies the Democrats used during the election campaign, while keeping the message and vision of the image from Sheperd Fairey in mind, because these two points are unseperable, in view of the fact that the poster was made for this political occasion. It will be interesting to see the development, we will get know that Shepard Fairey was long before his actual HOPE poster a Obamanist, sharing the same political views as Obama. Gradually, I will state out and interpret the image, for instance, why Fairey used actually this original head shot of Obama looking into the distance or why he switched to the HOPE writing after all. Additionally, I will raise the question why the Democrats pushed such special image for this campaign, instead of maybe banning it. Plus characterize the effect of colors in general and what it could mean for this poster. Finally, I will compare Faireys iconic Poster to Jim Fitzpatricks worldwide known Che Guevara Poster from 1968. Appropriation Art The HOPE Poster by Shepard Fairey can be described as Appropriation Art. Appropriation artists adopt images and add their own style to it, hence create a new art work (cf. Gersh-Nesic np.). Fairey also used an consisting image of Barack Obama, which was actually taken in Washington D.C. in 2006 (cf. Spiering np.), and then created his personal design based on the original. Most importantly the Appropriation artists want to make a new statement without loosing the impression of the original, this can also be called as recontextualization (cf. Gersh-Nesic np.). As one could imagine there is a thin line between Appropriation art and plagriasm, since the artist takes a consisting image or picture, whose rights may are arranged clearly, but nevertheless this can lead to copyright infringement or a legal dispute, as it is with Shepard Faireys HOPE poster (cf. Fairey 7). Analysis Nearly everyone knows or at least has seen the HOPE poster by Shepard Fairey, which has become a symbol in the 2008 Election Campaign and beyond. The image is showing Barack Obama in three-quarters profile, focusing sharply into the distance, while wearing a suit. Across the bottom of the image the word HOPE is written in bold letters and above the letter E there is the Obama/Biden logo (cf. author unknown np.). The poster is illustrated in a very simple color scheme, the dominating colors are blue ,red and white, the colors of the United States of America. All began in 2004 at the Democratic National Convention, where Obama held a speech about uniting America and creating opportunities for everyone to prosper (Fairey 7) , thereafter Fairey noticed that him and Obama share the same political views and because Fairey made art concerning political issues before, it was clear that he wanted to provide an artwork for Obamas presidential campaign also. So with the help from his friend Yosi Sergant, who got it all going, because he had contacts to the people from the Obama campaign, Fairey got permission two weeks before Super Tuesday to contribute a illustration (cf. Fairey 7). He came up with the iconic Obama Poster, which is actually based on a photograph taken in April 2006 by Manni Garcia (author unknown np.), the original photo showed Obama sitting next to George Clooney in Washington D.C. (cf. Spiering np.). Fairey transformed it into an abstract art image, which should: capture his idealism, vision, and his contemplative  nature, this last one of the most easily overlooked  qualities that a strong leader embodies (7). And he sure did, his eyes looking ahead, maybe to symbolize that he will take up future issues at an early stage, and expressing that I can guide you (Booth pMO1) combined with the writing hope it gives a perfect association of Obamas idealism and vision, without loosing the seriousness a future president should have, since Obama is able to talk about challenging problems and inspire people at the same time (cf. Fairey 8). Additionally the poster is divided in the middle in a nationalistic way, only including the colors of the national flag of America, red, white and blue, a highlighted blue left side and a darker red side. On the one hand this could show the blue and red states, as in Democrats against Republicans and never ending antagonism between these two oppositions (cf. Fairey 7), on the other this could also sybolize a united America. Moreover, the colors used by Fairey, have also a strong psychological effect on the viewer, cause generally it is to mention that adults prefer blue as their favorite color (cf. Frieling and Auer 13), but more importantly the colors can influence our mind and feeling, for example blue is characteristic for constructiveness and depeening, however red can trigger the attitudes strongness and power in our minds (cf. Frieling and Auer 16), which can be translated to Faireys impression of Obama, by saying that his sincerity and leadership qualities should be expressed (cf. Fairey 7). Furthermore it is interesting to see that Fairey, not even a bit strive the point that Barack Hussein Obama could be the first African-American President of the United States of America (Nagourney np.), by making a appropriation art image that is showing Obamas skin color, but Fairey abstained, instead he shares the same ideals that Obama shared through his speeches that everyone is created equal, and is equally entitled to life(Fairey 7). First of all, it is to say that the initial 350 pieces that were put up on the streets and the next 350 sold all said Progress. After that Fairey switched to the famous Hope , because he got feedback and official approval from the Democrats claiming they want to spread the hope message (Arnon np.). As a matter of course the politicial slogans were hope and change (cf. Johnson 174) , so there was the thought of a strategic politcial move to back up and expand Obamas themes of the 2008 Electoral Campaign and give the people a unique way to show their support. Clearly the demand was not statisfied yet, so when Fairey uploaded his image on his website, where fans and supporters could get it, it went viral quickly, because the supporters started using the jpeg of my image as their email signature and their MySpace or Facebook profile image (Fairey 8), this gave them the opportunity to show their support in a modern, symbolic way, and they were highly motivated to do so and spread the imag e (cf. Arnon np.). This could only be in favour of the Democrats, not only does more than fifty percent of the Americans use actually the internet in 2010 (Smith np.), but also thirty percent of the generation between 18-32 are active online, according to the study Generations Online in 2009 (Lachut np.). It should be added that just before Super Tuesday the image arouse the curiousity and maybe influenced the last undecided voters, or at least activated them to get more information about it (cf.Fairey 9). One might say, that the Poster helped also influence at least a bit the younger generation, sixty-six percent of the age group 18-29 voted for Obama, compared to the 30-45 from which fifty-two voted for him, it is a huge difference (CNN Exit Poll np). Additionally Faireys goal was to create an artwork that is attracting the younger generation, without loosing his own style. All in All, it is to say that the image from Fairey is an idealization of Obama, the gazing look, the lines, colors and the fall of the light with brighter and darker sides (cf. Booth pMO1), he is shown almost like a messiah, because he has the abbility to influence people, through his monologues (Fairey 7). But since everything has to sides, there was also some critique to the artwork, writers for the Clout column in the Philadelphia Daily News said the Soviet-style heroic Obama, the use of a single word HOPE reminded them of George Orwells 1984 and Big Brother and in the Los Angeles Times Meghan Daum sees the image as: a half-artsy, half-creepy genuflection that suggests the subject is (a) a Third World dictator whose rule is enmeshed in a seductive cult of personality; (b) a controversial American figure whos been assassinated; or (c) one of those people from a Warhol silkscreen that you dont recognize but assume to be important in an abstruse way. (MO1) One might think that this would bother Fairey, but not if you are honoured by the future president himself. Obama wrote a letter thanking Fairey for his artwork supporting his campaign, further more he wrote that his work has a recondite impact on the people, regardless of the place where it can be seen (cf. Fairey 8). Not only that he got honoured by Obama, there is also a huge amount of parodies based on Faireys image. Most of them are illustrated in the same colors, but the decisive factor, which actually makes them a parody, is the writing. Instead of Hope, there is written Pope and Benedikt the XVI is shown (Weinfeld 3). Others versions include, John McCain and Sarah Palin with the writing Nope in order to express their rejection (villagevoice 5 and 7). Additionally to these parodies, there of course several instructions in the internet on how to make your own Obama poster, plus there is a huge quantitiy of printed shirts, fliers available with the image (cf. Booth MO1). Last but not least, it is to mention that there are several images comparable to the Fairey poster, but the most controversial would be with the Che Gueavara poster by Jim Fitzpatrick, which is also known as Guerrillero Heroico (the heroic fighter). This poster can also be described as appropriation art, since the image is also based on a photograph, this time taken by Alberto Korda, Fidel Castros personal photographer, in 1960 at a mass funeral in Havana. The original shot, similar to the one Fairey used, showed also another man and palm fonds (cf. Holmes np). Che Guevara is depicted with a straight look into the distance, wearing a brevet with a star on it, his eye brows are a bit contracted and frame his sharply focused eyes. The color scheme is simple Che Guevaras head is held in black and white, on a noticeable red background, only the star on his brevet is yellow. In contrast to the Fairey poster, the one by Fitzpatrick is much more easily build-up, since there are no complicated outlines or color transitions. It is more likely that Fitzpatrick, cropped out the rest of the image, changed the background color, as well as turned the head into black and white portrait. Soon after Che Guevaras death his main goal was to spread the image as fast as possible I deliberately designed it to breed like rabbits, (Holmes np) says Fitzpatrick. Though it was not a campaign poster that should have been spread, it is the idea behind it that they both share, to get a huge amount of people to regonize the poster, in the fastest way possible. Another point both posters have in common, is the desire to change, change as a political order. As I stated out earlier Obamas themes were change and hope and after Che Guevaras death, which was followed by various demonstrations around Europe, people also were looking for a change (cf. Holmes np). And like the Hope poster by Shepard Fairey, the Che Guevara poster, also became a symbol of change (cf. Holmes np). Moreover, by the time the posters got more recognition, and developed into an iconic statement, the several industries took advantage of and printed for example t-shirts or underwear with the Che Guevara logo, there were even a ice cream version of Che in Australia (cf. Holmes np). Conclusion In this term paper I wanted to show and analyze Obamas 2008 electoral campaign poster by Shepard Fairey, gradually interpretating several aspects of the image, while contributing background information on the artwork itself, the development and most importantly the meaning behind the work. The research has shown that Shepard Fairey did an incredible job, not only did he create an iconic poster that will be remembered forever, but also he combined the political messages from the democrats with his own perception of Obama, without loosing his way of creating art. It is to say that the success is caused by the millions of supporters that were hungry for a new, fresh way of showing their support. And with the medium internet, it has found the perfect environment, esspecially for the younger generation, to expand promptly. Of course the Democratic Party maintained the poster, after a short period of time, where they analyzed the image. Fairey did what every fan of the future president would have done, he tried to illustrate the positive characteristics of Obama, also concentrating on the history of the land, that the overall aim should be a united America. Furthermore the image arouse a spate of advertising material, shirts, cups, caps, the amount was huge, because the demand was not going to end soon. But whether this had an impact on the acual election is questionable. Sure is that Obama won the election with a great percentage of voters between the age of eighteen and twenty-nine. However, it is clear that they did not all vote for Obama, because of the poster, but rather enjoyed it, because it reflects the person they admire with the creativity they like to support. Finally, it will be interesting to see how this years election will go for Obama and the democrats and whether the supporters and artists will find a new way of showing their support in the election campaign 2012.

Relationship Between Program Planning and Grant Proposals Essay

Program planning is evaluated in following a proposal. Program Planning processes will yield a component of the body proposal. Grand proposals are evaluated and based on business practices/good planning. A grant proposal address goals within the organizations ability to provide relevant services. Grant proposal s could be contract submitted to perform an activity for example better training and research. Program planning is the first step in planning to redevelop a particular program that wishes to be funded by the a grant for a government purpose. The grant proposal has a description of what the organization is planning on doing and the deliverables, budget and other important information. Program planning is a way of executing the program and planning on how to get the funds needed to deliver the training or extra things for the organization to make it better for not only the company but for their employees as well. When young adults/adults want to go to school they have to plan what program / career they would like to learn about and get a degree in. Then they have to plan on the budget needed to get to go to school. The last step is to fill out for a grant through the government to get the funds needed to go to school to achieve our goals in getting a better career after school.

An Overview Of Gestalt Psychology - 1133 Words

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Dna Evidence And The Justice System - 1224 Words

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There have been many criminal cases across Australia where DNA evidence has been used to â€Å"convict the guilty and clear the innocent†. This successful use of DNA evidence is seen in the Frank Alan Button case. Frank Button was convicted of raping a 13-year old girl by a jury in August 1999. Initially, the girl denied knowing the rapist and provided a description of the man to the police. She then, altered her original statement and identified Frank Alan Button as her rapist. During the trial, no DNA evidence was used. A rape kit was prepared and intimate swabs were obtained from the victim. These tests revealed theShow MoreRelatedJustice Systems And The Justice System Of Other Nations1732 Words   |  7 Pageswill be discussed concerning our justice system and the justice system of other nations. Contrarily there are varying types of courts all throughout these other nations as well. 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Essay On Online Review - 1298 Words

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I started to think about which topic I d be most passionateRead MoreMy First Time Making A Career Goal1516 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent things just by having online discussions and most importantly, I learned how to improve my writing skills and how this course changed my perception of English and apply it in the future. I have gained so much knowledge about writing in this class and it made a great impact on my skills. These lessons I have learned in this class has been very beneficial and I will carry these lessons in the future. The first essay we did in this course is about narrative essay and the topic I had chosen was

Role of Stakeholder Free Essays

Role of Stakeholder Jane C. Doe MGT/420 December 10, 2012 George Wells Role of Stakeholder The role of stakeholder in implementing a quality management process is one that has many facets. When an organization decides to embark upon a quality management process there are many people, internally and externally, dependent upon or affected in some way by the final product, output or process (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Stakeholder or any similar topic only for you Order Now In order to decide who the stakeholders will be in the process, management of the stakeholder process is essential. First, it is important to identify all those required to ensure the success of creating an efficient process; those involved are either inside or outside of the organization (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Second, an analysis to ascertain what the stakeholder’s needs, boundaries, expectations, locus of control within the process, and mutual relationships will be is necessary to make sure everyone involved understands his or her role (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). A third and also important step is the process of engaging all stakeholders early on in the project. Stakeholders must have the ability to engage with the leaders of the quality management process to familiarize everyone with each other and understand each person’s role within the process. When working conceptually with quality management, the three spheres of quality known as quality management, quality control, and quality assurance each have their own role but also overlap (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007). In each of the spheres mentioned herein, stakeholders play various roles. In order for an organization to achieve, maintain, and improve the quality of its offerings, companies use quality control and quality assurance processes and procedures (â€Å"Tutorialspoint†,  2012). Organizations will define their internal quality standards, procedures, and processes as well as develop stakeholders who will be required to adhere to those standards when dealing with quality control. Stakeholders will monitor process apability and stability, measure process performance, develop and maintain control charts and more (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). In terms of quality assurance, stakeholders are required to put forth a continuous effort to improve the quality practices within the organization. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Tutorialspoint†Ã‚  (2012),  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Continuous improvements are expected in quality functions in the company. For this, there is a dedicated quality assurance team commissioned†Ã‚  (Quality Control Quality Assurance). The stakeholders of a quality assurance team are dedicated to and responsible for defining a process for achieving and improving quality; they are responsible for process improvement (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). â€Å"The management processes that overarch and tie together the control and assurance activities make up quality management† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). According to Foster  (2007),  the mixed view of quality management up holds the notion that quality is the responsibility of all management, not just quality managers (Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). So in the case of implementing a quality management process, managers, supervisors, and employees are all stakeholder of varying degrees in implementing quality management activities such as planning, creating the quality culture, providing leadership and support, providing training and employee recognition, and facilitating organizational communication (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,   2007). Two companies that utilized world-class quality control plans are General Electric (GE) and Federal Express (FedEx). To keep GE ahead, managers have devised an array of corporate strategies. They put exceptionally heavy reliance on the quality control program that far outstrips run-of-the-mill efforts†Ã‚  (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). FedEx utilizes the value-added perspective on quality (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality, 2007). â€Å"To reach its aggressive quality goals, the company has set up one cross- functional team for each service component of the SQI† (Foster, 2007, Chapter 1, Differing Perspectives on Quality). The SQI is a 12-component index that FedEx uses that comprehensively describes how its performance is viewed by its customers. Each item in the service quality indicator is weighted to reflect how pointedly it affects overall customer service (Foster, Chapter  1, Differing Perspectives on Quality,  2007). References Foster, S. T. (2007). Managing quality. Integrating the supply chain (3rd ed. ). Retrieved from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx#gloss01_357. TutorialsPoint. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. tutorialspoint. com/management_concepts/stakeholder_management. htm How to cite Role of Stakeholder, Essay examples

pathogenesis of Ulcerative Colitis with Disease

Questions: 1.Prioritise the nursing responsibilities and associated rationales related to the administration of morphine to Eleanor? 2.Describe the structural and functional changes that occur in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis that led to Eleanors episodes of diarrhoea with blood and pus? 3. Explain the characteristics of the intravenous fluid that was ordered for Eleanor, and the rationale, related to Eleanors specific fluid balance status, for the administration of this intravenous fluid to Eleanor? Answers: 1. The nursing responsibilities for this case are Nursing responsibilities Rationale (Brunner, 2010) Assess the level of pain using pain scale method. Pain should be assessed before and after administration of the medication Pain score will help the health care providers to adjust the medication according to the level of pain The patient needs to be checked for allergies and immune compromised state. The medicine chart needs to be checked for other drugs that may react with morphine. Morphine is a common antigen in allergic reactions in patients. Morphine is also a respiratory depressant. Morphine reacts with other drugs, mainly depressants. Administer the pain medication as instructed by the physician. In this case the medication prescribed is morphine Morphine is highly effective in relieving pain and acts directly on the central nervous system to alleviate the pain Nurse must record any adverse outcome from the medication There are adverse outcomes of morphine such as decreased respiratory rate, constipation, vomiting, low blood pressure Incorporate non pharmacological measures to reduce pain The effectiveness of the pharmacological methods will increase with the increase in patient comfort level as it will distract Eleanor from pain. Monitoring the vial signs of the patient The patient already has low blood pressure, high level of c-reactive protein, weak peripheral pulses. Monitoring is important to prevent infection. Monitor fluid volume, input and output To improve the urine output of the patient. The important part of the hydration monitoring is fluid balance Provide emotional support It is an important part of the holistic care Patient needs to be educated about the potential side effects of morphine. It is legal duty of the nurse to educate patients about any potential harm caused by medications. The patient needs to be assessed for central nervous system (CNS) functioning Morphine is a CNS depressant for decreasing feelings of pain. It is crucial to monitor the functioning of the CNS to avoid any potential complications. 2. There is no single definitive cause of ulcerative colitis. It is a multifactorial disease and is known to involve complex interaction of genetic predisposition, immune system and environmental risk factors that cause changes in colon and rectum. Structural and Functional Changes: Ulcer lesions causing haemorrhage: According to Jghult et al. (2011) The primary lesion formation in the intestinal gland leads to haemorrhage. Such haemorrhage targets the gastrointestinal tract leading to bleeding in it. This condition is also called as gastric ulcer. As per Brunner (2010) aberrant immune system results in ulcerative colitis. Pathophysiology determines that when ulcer is not treated on time, it leads to the formation of lesions that attacks the duodenal wall and other linings of the gut. The ulcer lesions keep attacking the blood vessels as well that initiates the haemorrhage and the blood tends to flow in other systems and organs of the body. This blood neutralizes the acid present in the stomach and stops burning that cause pain. Psychological factors such as anxiety and depression are found to increase the permeability of the intestines. This causes leaky bowl and bloody diarrhoea with pus as in case of Eleanor. Ulceration: Ulceration is a process of formation of ulcer and most prevalent among all is mucosal ulcer. This process can be initiated by either an antigen or non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This ulcer targets the mucosal membrane leading to its slow degradation. Such degradation occurs when an ulcer tissue attaches itself to the epithelial border and spreads till submucosa. After the attachment the tissue starts decomposing the lining leading to the formation of lesion and further bleeding (Whitehead, 2016). Sloughing of Mucosa: Sloughing of Mucosa is also called as Oral Epitheliolysis that undertakes the shredding of mucosal lining due to the formation of lesions due to ulcers. Initiation of ulcer in mouth can occur due to change in daily brushing routine or attack by some foreign body such as Pemphigus vulgaris or Bullous pemphigoid or others. They attack the epithelium lining of the mouth and starts degrading the tissues leading to the formation of lesions. Further these lesions initiate the formation of ulcer and ultimate pain (Boye et al. 2011). The microscopic pattern of UC is characterized by an inflammatory reaction with special distribution and structural abnormalities of the mucosa. Crypt branching and irregularity of size and shape is formed with an increase in chronic inflammatory cells in the lamina propria. This response leads to inflammation of the intestine (colon and rectum) and consequently leads to the symptoms of bloody diarrhoea in patients, which was seen in Eleanor too (Varela et al., 2013). 3. Since Eleanor had episodes of diarrhoea with blood and pus it is necessary to prevent dehydration. Hartman fluid has been ordered for Eleanor, which is a mixture of sodium lactate, sodium chloride, calcium chloride and potassium chloride in water. It is administered to patients for replacement of fluids andelectrolyteswho havelow blood volumeorlow blood pressure. The Hartman solution is effective in combating acidosis due to dehydration. It contains 2?mmol/l of calcium. It modifies ringers solution through addition of sodium lactate to act as a buffering agentand it restores electrolyte balance (Mahajan et al., 2012). Hartmans fluid is used in perioperative period due to the anticipation of ongoing protracted losses from fistula and nasogastric tube. Hence, due to fluid and electrolyte imbalance in Eleanors body and to eliminate the effect of anaesthetic effects during operation, Hartmans fluid is administered for fluid replacement in the peri-operative period. Hartmans fluid has been specifically ordered for Eleanor because she is schedules for a total colectomy and construction of ileostomy, which may lead to fluid losses. References Boye, B., Lundin, K. E., Jantschek, G., Leganger, S., Mokleby, K., Tangen, T., ... Rivenes, A. C. (2011). INSPIRE study: Does stress management improve the course of inflammatory bowel disease and disease?specific quality of life in distressed patients with ulcerative colitis or crohn's disease? A randomized controlled trial.Inflammatory bowel diseases,17(9), 1863-1873. Brunner, L. S. (2010).Brunner Suddarth's textbook of medical-surgical nursing(Vol. 1). S. C. C. Smeltzer, B. G. Bare, J. L. Hinkle, K. H. Cheever (Eds.). Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Jghult, S., Saboonchi, F., Johansson, U. B., Wredling, R., Kapraali, M. (2011). Identifying predictors of low health?related quality of life among patients with inflammatory bowel disease: comparison between Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis with disease duration.Journal of clinical nursing,20(11?12), 1578-1587. Mahajan, V., Saini, S. S., Sharma, A., Kaur, J. (2012). Ringers lactate vs normal saline for children with acute diarrhea and severe dehydration: A double blind randomized controlled trial.Indian pediatrics,49(12), 963-968. Van Regenmortel, N., Jorens, P. G., Malbrain, M. L. (2014). Fluid management before, during and after elective surgery.Current opinion in critical care,20(4), 390-395. Varela, E., Manichanh, C., Gallart, M., Torrejn, A., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., ... Antolin, M. (2013). Colonisation by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and maintenance of clinical remission in patients with ulcerative colitis.Alimentary pharmacology therapeutics,38(2), 151-161. Whitehead, L. (2016). The Impact of Biological Interventions for Ulcerative Colitis on Health-Related Quality of Life.AJN The American Journal of Nursing,116(11), 21.